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Afghanistan: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Barnett R. Rubin

Published in Print:: 08 October 2020

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569290

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190496630.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190496630

Afghanistan, a landlocked country in Central Asia, has improbably been at the center of international geopolitics for four decades. After the Soviet Union invaded in 1980, Afghanistan ... More

Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Daniel Byman

Published in Print:: 01 October 2015

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569092

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190217259.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190217259

On the morning of September 11, 2001, the entire world was introduced to Al Qaeda and its enigmatic leader, Osama bin Laden. But the organization that changed the face of terrorism forever ... More

On the morning of September 11, 2001, the entire world was introduced to Al Qaeda and its enigmatic leader, Osama bin Laden. But the organization that changed the face of terrorism forever and unleashed a whirlwind of counterterrorism activity and two major wars had been on the scene long before that eventful morning. In Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement: What Everyone Needs to Know, Daniel L. Byman, an eminent scholar of Middle East terrorism and international security who served on the 9/11 Commission, provides a sharp and concise overview of Al Qaeda, from its humble origins in the mountains of Afghanistan to the present, explaining its perseverance and adaptation since 9/11 and the limits of U.S. and allied counterterrorism efforts. The organization that would come to be known as Al Qaeda traces its roots to the anti-Soviet jihad in Afghanistan in the 1980s. Founded as the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan, Al Qaeda achieved a degree of international notoriety with a series of spectacular attacks in the 1990s; however, it was the dramatic assaults on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on 9/11 that truly launched Al Qaeda onto the global stage. The attacks endowed the organization with world-historical importance and provoked an overwhelming counterattack by the United States and other western countries. Within a year of 9/11, the core of Al Qaeda had been chased out of Afghanistan and into a variety of refuges across the Muslim world. Splinter groups and franchised offshoots were active in the 2000s in countries like Pakistan, Iraq, and Yemen, but by early 2011, after more than a decade of relentless counterterrorism efforts by the United States and other Western military and intelligence services, most felt that Al Qaeda's moment had passed. With the death of Osama bin Laden in May of that year, many predicted that Al Qaeda was in its death throes. Shockingly, Al Qaeda has staged a remarkable comeback in the last few years. In almost every conflict in the Muslim world, from portions of the Xanjing region in northwest China to the African subcontinent, Al Qaeda franchises or like-minded groups have played a role. Al Qaeda's extreme Salafist ideology continues to appeal to radicalized Sunni Muslims throughout the world, and it has successfully altered its organizational structure so that it can both weather America's enduring full-spectrum assault and tailor its message to specific audiences. Authoritative and highly readable, Byman's account offers readers insightful and penetrating answers to the fundamental questions about Al Qaeda: who they are, where they came from, where they're going-and, perhaps most critically-what we can do about it.Less

The Alt-Right: What Everyone Needs to Know®

George Hawley

Published in Print:: 07 March 2019

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569696

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190905194.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190905194

In recent years, the so-called Alt-Right, a white nationalist movement, has grown at an alarming rate. Taking advantage of high levels of racial polarization, the Alt-Right seeks to ... More

The Amazon: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Mark J. Plotkin

Published in Print:: 23 June 2020

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569511

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190668297.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190668297

The Amazon is a land of superlatives. The complex ecosystem covers an area about the size of the continental U.S. The Amazon River discharges 57 million gallons of water per second--in two ... More

American Higher Education in Crisis?: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Goldie Blumenstyk

Published in Print:: 13 November 2014

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569931

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780199374090.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780199374090

American higher education is at a crossroads. Technological innovations and disruptive market forces are buffeting colleges and universities at the very time their financial structure grows ... More

American higher education is at a crossroads. Technological innovations and disruptive market forces are buffeting colleges and universities at the very time their financial structure grows increasingly fragile. Disinvestment by states has driven up tuition prices at public colleges, and student debt has reached a startling record-high of one trillion dollars. Cost-minded students and their families--and the public at large--are questioning the worth of a college education, even as study after study shows how important it is to economic and social mobility. And as elite institutions trim financial aid and change other business practices in search of more sustainable business models, racial and economic stratification in American higher education is only growing. In American Higher Education in Crisis?: What Everyone Needs to Know, Goldie Blumenstyk, who has been reporting on higher education trends for 25 years, guides readers through the forces and trends that have brought the education system to this point, and highlights some of the ways they will reshape America's colleges in the years to come. Blumenstyk hones in on debates over the value of post-secondary education, problems of affordability, and concerns about the growing economic divide. Fewer and fewer people can afford the constantly increasing tuition price of college, Blumenstyk shows, and yet college graduates in the United States now earn on average twice as much as those with only a high-school education. She also discusses faculty tenure and growing administrative bureaucracies on campuses; considers new demands for accountability such as those reflected in the U.S. Department of Education's College Scorecard; and questions how the money chase in big-time college athletics, revelations about colleges falsifying rankings data, and corporate-style presidential salaries have soured public perception. Higher education is facing a serious set of challenges, but solutions have also begun to emerge. Blumenstyk highlights how institutions are responding to the rise of alternative-educational opportunities and the new academic and business models that are appearing, and considers how the Obama administration and public organizations are working to address questions of affordability, diversity, and academic integrity. She addresses some of the advances in technology colleges are employing to attract and retain students; outlines emerging competency-based programs that are reshaping conceptions of a college degree, and offers readers a look at promising innovations that could alter the higher education landscape in the near future. An extremely timely and focused look at this embattled and evolving arena, this primer emphasizes how open-ended the conversation about higher education's future remains, and illuminates how big the stakes are for students, colleges, and the nation.Less

Antarctica: What Everyone Needs to Know®

David Day

Published in Print:: 27 June 2019

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569429

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190641320.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190641320

Part of the What Everyone Needs to Know® series, David Day's book on Antarctica examines the most forbidding and formidably inaccessible continent on Earth. Antarctica was first discovered ... More

The Arab Uprisings: What Everyone Needs to Know® (2 ed.)

James Gelvin

Published in Print:: 23 July 2015

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569108

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190222741.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190222741

Beginning in December 2010 popular revolt swept through the Middle East, shocking the world and ushering in a period of unprecedented unrest. Protestors took to the streets to demand ... More

Beginning in December 2010 popular revolt swept through the Middle East, shocking the world and ushering in a period of unprecedented unrest. Protestors took to the streets to demand greater freedom, democracy, human rights, social justice, and regime change. What caused these uprisings? What is their significance? And what are their likely consequences? In an engaging question-and-answer format, this updated edition of The Arab Uprisings: What Everyone Needs to Know® explores all aspects of the revolutionary protests that have rocked the Middle East. Historian James Gelvin begins with an overview, asking questions such as: What sparked the Arab uprisings? Where did the demands for democracy and human rights come from? How appropriate is the phrase “Arab Spring”?--before turning to specific countries around the region. Shifting the emphasis from the initial upheaval itself to the spinning out of the revolutionary process, Gelvin looks at such topics as the role of youth, laor, and religious groups in Tunisia and Egypt and discusses why the military turned against rulers in both countries. Exploring the uprisings in Libya and Yemen, Gelvin explains why these two states are considered “weak,” why that status is important for understanding the upheavals there, and why outside powers intervened in Libya but not in Yemen. This second edition looks more closely at the situation of individual countries affected by the uprisings. Gelvin compares two cases that defied expectations: Algeria, which experts assumed would experience a major upheaval after Egypt’s, and Syria, which experts failed to foresee. He then looks at the monarchies of Morocco, Jordan, and the Gulf, exploring the commonalities and differences of protest movements in each. Reconsidering the possible historical significance of the uprisings Gelvin explores what this means for the United States and Iran. Has al-Qaeda been strengthened or weakened? What effects have the uprisings had on the Israel-Palestine conflict? What conclusions might we draw from the uprisings so far? What Everyone Needs to Know® is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. Less

The Arctic: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Klaus Dodds and Mark Nuttall

Published in Print:: 08 August 2019

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569443

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190649814.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190649814

As the threat of global climate change becomes a reality, many look to the Arctic Ocean to predict coming environmental phenomena. There, the consequences of Earth's warming trend are most ... More

Authoritarianism: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Erica Frantz

Published in Print:: 15 November 2018

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569641

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190880194.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190880194

Despite the spread of democratization following the Cold War’s end, all signs indicate that we are currently seeing a resurgence of authoritarianism. Around forty percent of the world’s ... More

Brazil: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Riordan Roett

Published in Print:: 01 September 2016

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569139

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190224523.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190224523

Brazil is one of the most important but puzzling countries in the world. A nation of 200 million people, it has vast natural resource reserves, rich cultural traditions, a middle class ... More

Burma/Myanmar: What Everyone Needs to Know® (2 ed.)

David Steinberg

Published in Print:: 26 September 2013

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197570166

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780199981687.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780199981687

It is unlikely that any country in Asia in recent years has undergone such internal policy shifts in so short a time as Myanmar. Until recently, the former British colony had one of the ... More

It is unlikely that any country in Asia in recent years has undergone such internal policy shifts in so short a time as Myanmar. Until recently, the former British colony had one of the most secretive, corrupt, and repressive regimes on the planet, a country where Nobel Peace Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi was held in continual house arrest and human rights were denied to nearly all. Yet events in Myanmar since the elections of November 2010 have profoundly altered the internal mood of the society, and have surprised even Burmese and seasoned foreign observers of the Myanmar scene. The pessimism that pervaded the society prior to the elections, and the results of that voting that prompted many foreign observers to call them a “sham” or “fraud,” gradually gave way to the realization that for reasons, variously interpreted, positive change was in the air. Taking into account the dramatic changes the country has seen in the past two years-including the establishment of a human rights commission, the release of political prisoners, and reforms in health and education-David I. Steinberg offers an updated second edition of Burma/Myanmar: What Everyone Needs to Know. More than ever, the history, culture, and internal politics of this country are crucial to understanding the breaking headlines emerging from it today and placing them in a broader context. Geographically strategic, Burma/Myanmar lies between the growing powers of China and India, and has a thousand-year history as an important realm in the region-yet it is mostly unknown to Westerners. Burma/Myanmar is a place of contradictions: a picturesque land with mountain jungles and monsoon plains, it is one of the world's largest producers of heroin. Though it has extensive natural resources including oil, gas, teak, metals, and minerals, it is one of the poorest countries in the world. And despite a half-century of military-dominated rule, change is beginning to work its way through the beleaguered nation, as it moves to a more pluralistic administrative system reflecting its pluralistic cultural, multi-ethnic base. Authoritative and balanced, Burma/Myanmar is an essential book on a country in the throes of historic change.Less

Campaign Finance: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Robert E. Mutch

Published in Print:: 23 June 2016

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569245

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190274696.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190274696

The one percent has been providing an ever larger share of campaign funds since the 1980s. Well over half of the money contributed to the presidential race in 2015 came from only about 350 ... More

Campaigns and Elections: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Dennis W. Johnson

Published in Print:: 24 October 2019

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569788

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190935580.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190935580

Frequent and fair elections, open to all, are fundamental elements of a democracy. The United States, through its local, state, and national contests, holds more elections, more often, than ... More

Campaigns, Elections, and the Threat to Democracy: What Everyone Needs to Know® (2 ed.)

Dennis W. Johnson

Published in Print:: Aug 2022

Series:: What Everyone Needs to Know

Published Online:: Jan 2023

eISBN:: 9780197642016

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780197641972.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780197641972

This book offers the most up-to-date examination of campaigns and elections, along with the threats to democracy coming from the 2020 presidential election, the Big Lie, and more recent ... More

Campus Politics: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Jonathan Zimmerman

Published in Print:: 29 September 2016

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569375

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190627393.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190627393

Universities are usually considered bastions of the free exchange of ideas, but a recent tide of demonstrations across college campuses has called this belief into question, and with ... More

China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know® (3 ed.)

Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom and Maura Elizabeth Cunningham

Published in Print:: 14 June 2018

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569481

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190659073.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190659073

In this fully revised and updated third edition of China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know® , Jeffrey Wasserstrom and Maura Elizabeth Cunningham provide cogent answers to the ... More

China's Economy: What Everyone Needs to Know® (2 ed.)

Arthur R. Kroeber

Published in Print:: 08 September 2020

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569825

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190946470.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190946470

China’s economic growth has been revolutionary, and is the foundation of its increasingly prominent role in world affairs. It is the world’s second biggest economy, the largest ... More

China’s economic growth has been revolutionary, and is the foundation of its increasingly prominent role in world affairs. It is the world’s second biggest economy, the largest manufacturing and trading nation, the consumer of half the world’s steel and coal, the biggest source of international tourists, and one of the most influential investors in developing countries from southeast Asia to Africa to Latin America. Multinational companies make billions of dollars in profits in China each year, while traders around the world shudder at every gyration of the country’s unruly stock markets. Perhaps paradoxically, its capitalist economy is governed by an authoritarian Communist Party that shows no sign of loosening its grip. China is frequently in the news, whether because of trade disputes, the challenges of its Belt and Road initiative for global infrastructure, or its increasing military strength. China’s political and technological challenges, created by a country whose political system and values differ dramatically from most of the other major world economies, creates uncertainty and even fear. China’s Economy: What Everyone Needs to Know is a concise introduction to the most astonishing economic and political story of the last three decades. Arthur Kroeber enhances our understanding of China’s changes and their implications. Among the essential questions he answers are: How did China grow so fast for so long? Can it keep growing and still solve its problems of environmental damage, fast-rising debt and rampant corruption? How long can its vibrant economy co-exist with the repressive one-party state? How do China’s changes affect the rest of the world? This thoroughly revised and updated second edition includes a comprehensive discussion of the origins and development of the US-China strategic rivalry, including Trump’s trade war and the race for technological supremacy. It also explores the recent changes in China’s political system, reflecting Xi Jinping’s emergence as the most powerful leader since Mao Zedong. It includes insights on changes in China’s financial sector, covering the rise and fall of the shadow banking sector, and China’s increasing integration with global financial markets. And it covers China’s rapid technological development and the rise of its global Internet champions such as Alibaba and Tencent.Less

Citizenship: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Peter J. Spiro

Published in Print:: 27 February 2020

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569719

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190917302.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190917302

Almost everyone has citizenship, and yet it has emerged as one of the most hotly contested issues of contemporary politics. Even as cosmopolitan elites and human rights advocates aspire to ... More

Almost everyone has citizenship, and yet it has emerged as one of the most hotly contested issues of contemporary politics. Even as cosmopolitan elites and human rights advocates aspire to some notion of “global citizenship,” populism and nativism have re-ignited the importance of national citizenship. Either way, the meaning of citizenship is changing. Citizenship once represented solidarities among individuals committed to mutual support and sacrifice, but as it is decoupled from national community on the ground, it is becoming more a badge of privilege than a marker of equality. Intense policy disagreement about whether to extend birthright citizenship to the children of unauthorized immigrants opens a window on other citizenship-related developments. At the same time that citizenship is harder to get for some, for others it is literally available for purchase. The exploding incidence of dual citizenship, meanwhile, is moving us away from a world in which states jealously demanded exclusive affiliation, to one in which individuals can construct and maintain formal multinational identities. Citizenship does not mean the same thing to everyone, nor have states approached citizenship policy in lockstep. Rather, global trends point to a new era for citizenship as an institution. In Citizenship: What Everyone Needs to Know®, legal scholar Peter J. Spiro explains citizenship through accessible terms and questions: what citizenship means, how you obtain citizenship (and how you lose it), how it has changed through history, what benefits citizenship gets you, and what obligations it extracts from you--all in comparative perspective. He addresses how citizenship status affects a person's rights and obligations, what it means to be stateless, the refugee crisis, and whether or not countries should terminate the citizenship of terrorists. He also examines alternatives to national citizenship, including sub-national and global citizenship, and the phenomenon of investor citizenship. Spiro concludes by considering whether nationalist and extremist politics will lead to a general retreat from state-based forms of association and the end of citizenship as we know it. Ultimately, Spiro provides historical and critical perspective to a concept that is a part of our everyday discourse, providing a crucial contribution to our understanding of a central organizing principle of the modern world.Less

Civil Resistance

Erica Chenoweth

Published in Print:: 01 February 2021

Published Online:: 27 January 2022

eISBN:: 9780197640586

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190244392.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190244392

This book provides a basic empirical introduction to what everyone should know about civil resistance, discussing patterns of civil resistance in fairly general terms. It ... More

Colombia: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Richard D. Mahoney

Published in Print:: 23 June 2020

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569221

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190262754.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190262754

Even to experts, Colombia is one of the most confusing countries in the Americas. Its democratic tradition is among the richest and most long-standing in the hemisphere, with only eleven ... More

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1-20 of 70 books for:

Barnett R. Rubin

Daniel Byman

George Hawley

Mark J. Plotkin

Goldie Blumenstyk

David Day

James Gelvin

Klaus Dodds and Mark Nuttall

Erica Frantz

Riordan Roett

David Steinberg

Robert E. Mutch

Dennis W. Johnson

Dennis W. Johnson

Jonathan Zimmerman

Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom and Maura Elizabeth Cunningham

Arthur R. Kroeber

Peter J. Spiro

Erica Chenoweth

Richard D. Mahoney

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