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The Bashir-Turabi Coup of 1989, the Rise and Fall of Hassan Al-Turabi, and U.S. Policy Toward Sudan
Andrew S. Natsios
in Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know®
How did Omar al-Bashir and Hassan al-Turabi take power?
On June 30, 1989, just as Sadiq was about to leave for Addis Ababa, a group of midranking army officers led by Brigadier ...
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The Birth of Modern Sudan
Andrew S. Natsios
in Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know®
How has Sudan’s early history affected its current problems?
To answer this question, we need to follow Sudan’s history, principally that of the last two centuries. European ...
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The Comprehensive Peace Agreement
Andrew S. Natsios
in Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know®
Why did Khartoum negotiate an end to the Second Civil War?
The third Darfur rebellion devolved into a disastrous conflagration while the most sustained effort to resolve the ...
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The Darfur Peace Process
Andrew S. Natsios
in Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know®
Given the success of the CPA, why hasn’t a similar agreement been negotiated for Darfur?
As we’ve seen, the situation in Sudan is complicated because the second civil war—North ...
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The Economics of Oil
John Campbell and Matthew T. Page
in Nigeria: What Everyone Needs to Know®
Despite its huge agricultural potential and flourishing service sector, Nigeria’s economy remains addicted to petroleum revenues. They are one of the country’s few sources of foreign ...
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Fourth Period (Continued): The Second Civil War and the Turabist State
Andrew S. Natsios
in Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know®
Why and how did the Second Civil War start in the South?
Southerners hoping for an immediate peace dividend following the Addis Ababa Agreement were disappointed. Some of this ...
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Fourth Period of Modern Sudan (1956–2005)
Andrew S. Natsios
in Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know®
How did the first North–South civil war begin?
Between October 18 and 21, 1954, southern leaders organized a second Juba Conference, this time with no northern sanction or ...
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The Future of North and South Sudan
Andrew S. Natsios
in Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know®
How has the NCP remained in power for two decades?
Since 1998, the NCP has used rising oil revenues to ensure its survival. Khartoum has built a domestic munitions industry, ...
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Historical Background
John Campbell and Matthew T. Page
in Nigeria: What Everyone Needs to Know®
The history of what is now Nigeria stretches far back into antiquity. However, before British organization of the colony of Nigeria, completed only in 1914, there was no overarching ...
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Introduction
John Campbell and Matthew T. Page
in Nigeria: What Everyone Needs to Know®
Nigeria has by far the largest population of all African countries, with an estimated one out of every five sub-Saharan Africans being a Nigerian. It is now one of the largest democracies ...
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Nigeria and the World
John Campbell and Matthew T. Page
in Nigeria: What Everyone Needs to Know®
Informed opinion in the United States has long concluded that Nigeria was Africa’s most important country strategically. Factors cited have been its huge population, oil production, ...
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Nigeria of the Future
John Campbell and Matthew T. Page
in Nigeria: What Everyone Needs to Know®
What does Nigeria’s future hold? Will spiraling population growth, unchecked urban expansion, and the negative effects of climate change hold the country back? Or will technological ...
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Nigeria’s Security Challenges
John Campbell and Matthew T. Page
in Nigeria: What Everyone Needs to Know®
Some of Nigeria’s greatest security threats—such as Boko Haram and militancy in the oil-rich Niger Delta—routinely grab international headlines. Others, like deadly communal conflict and ...
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The Place and Significance of Sudan
Andrew S. Natsios
in Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know®
Why should anyone care about Sudan?
For more than two centuries, Sudan has attracted an unusual level of attention beyond its own borders. This international interest converged in ...
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Politics: Nigeria’s Great Game
John Campbell and Matthew T. Page
in Nigeria: What Everyone Needs to Know®
Under its current constitution, Nigeria is a federal republic. Executive, legislative, and judicial powers at the national and state levels, as well as state and local authorities, have ...
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Religion
John Campbell and Matthew T. Page
in Nigeria: What Everyone Needs to Know®
Nigerians like to say that they are the “happiest people in the world and the most religious.” Religiosity permeates public life; events big and small are routinely ascribed to divine ...
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The Rule of the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium
Andrew S. Natsios
in Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know®
How did the British and Egyptian colonial period set the stage for later Sudanese conflicts after independence?
The British and Egyptian rule continued and accelerated the ...
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The Third Darfur Rebellion Continued
Andrew S. Natsios
in Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know®
How did the Darfuri rebels arm themselves?
To understand the complexity of the third Darfur rebellion we must now review the four sources of weapons that supported rebel combat ...
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The Three Rebellions of Darfur
Andrew S. Natsios
in Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know®
What caused the rebellions in Darfur?
The three successive Darfur rebellions beginning in 1987 had deep roots in the Sudanese past. The British colonial rulers broke the military ...
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