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ADHD: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Stephen P. Hinshaw and Katherine Ellison

Published in Print:: 26 November 2015

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569122

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190223809.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190223809

Rates of diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are skyrocketing, throughout America and the rest of the world. U.S. rates of youth diagnosis have increased 40% from ... More

Advertising: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Mara Einstein

Published in Print:: 28 September 2017

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569368

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190625887.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190625887

3000. That's the number of marketing messages the average American confronts on a daily basis from TV commercials, magazine and newspaper print ads, radio commercials, pop-up ads on gaming ... More

Afghanistan: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Barnett R. Rubin

Published in Print:: 08 October 2020

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569290

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190496630.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190496630

Afghanistan, a landlocked country in Central Asia, has improbably been at the center of international geopolitics for four decades. After the Soviet Union invaded in 1980, Afghanistan ... More

Agricultural and Food Controversies: What Everyone Needs to Know®

F. Bailey Norwood, Michelle S. Calvo-Lorenzo, Sarah Lancaster, and Pascal A. Oltenacu

Published in Print:: 22 January 2015

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569924

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780199368433.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780199368433

The public is more interested in agricultural and food issues than ever before, as is evident in the many agricultural controversies debated in the media. Why is it that some people embrace ... More

The public is more interested in agricultural and food issues than ever before, as is evident in the many agricultural controversies debated in the media. Why is it that some people embrace new agricultural technologies while others steadfastly defend traditional farming methods? Why do some prefer to buy food grown around the world while others patronize small, local farmers? In the debates about organic food, genetically modified organisms, and farm animal welfare, it is not always clear what the scientific literature actually says. To understand these controversies, the authors encourage readers to develop first an appreciation for why two equally intelligent and well-intentioned people can form radically different notions about food. Sometimes the disputes are scientific in nature, and sometimes they arise from conflicting ethical views. This book confronts the most controversial issues in agriculture by first explaining the principles of both sides of the debate, and then guiding readers through the scientific literature so that they may form their own educated opinions. Is food safe if the farm used pesticides, or are organic foods truly better for your health? Are chemical fertilizers sustainable, or are we producing cheap food today at the expense of future generations? What foods should we eat to have a smaller carbon footprint? Is genetically-modified food the key to global food security, and does it give corporations too much market power? Is the prevalence of corn throughout the food system the result of farm subsidies? Does buying local food stimulate the local economy? Why are so many farm animals raised indoors, and should antibiotics be given to livestock? These are the issues addressed in Agricultural and Food Controversies: What Everyone Needs to Know. While it doesn't claim to have all the answers, it provides a synthesis of research and popular opinions on both sides of these important issues, allowing readers to decide what they value and believe for themselves.Less

Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Daniel Byman

Published in Print:: 01 October 2015

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569092

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190217259.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190217259

On the morning of September 11, 2001, the entire world was introduced to Al Qaeda and its enigmatic leader, Osama bin Laden. But the organization that changed the face of terrorism forever ... More

On the morning of September 11, 2001, the entire world was introduced to Al Qaeda and its enigmatic leader, Osama bin Laden. But the organization that changed the face of terrorism forever and unleashed a whirlwind of counterterrorism activity and two major wars had been on the scene long before that eventful morning. In Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement: What Everyone Needs to Know, Daniel L. Byman, an eminent scholar of Middle East terrorism and international security who served on the 9/11 Commission, provides a sharp and concise overview of Al Qaeda, from its humble origins in the mountains of Afghanistan to the present, explaining its perseverance and adaptation since 9/11 and the limits of U.S. and allied counterterrorism efforts. The organization that would come to be known as Al Qaeda traces its roots to the anti-Soviet jihad in Afghanistan in the 1980s. Founded as the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan, Al Qaeda achieved a degree of international notoriety with a series of spectacular attacks in the 1990s; however, it was the dramatic assaults on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on 9/11 that truly launched Al Qaeda onto the global stage. The attacks endowed the organization with world-historical importance and provoked an overwhelming counterattack by the United States and other western countries. Within a year of 9/11, the core of Al Qaeda had been chased out of Afghanistan and into a variety of refuges across the Muslim world. Splinter groups and franchised offshoots were active in the 2000s in countries like Pakistan, Iraq, and Yemen, but by early 2011, after more than a decade of relentless counterterrorism efforts by the United States and other Western military and intelligence services, most felt that Al Qaeda's moment had passed. With the death of Osama bin Laden in May of that year, many predicted that Al Qaeda was in its death throes. Shockingly, Al Qaeda has staged a remarkable comeback in the last few years. In almost every conflict in the Muslim world, from portions of the Xanjing region in northwest China to the African subcontinent, Al Qaeda franchises or like-minded groups have played a role. Al Qaeda's extreme Salafist ideology continues to appeal to radicalized Sunni Muslims throughout the world, and it has successfully altered its organizational structure so that it can both weather America's enduring full-spectrum assault and tailor its message to specific audiences. Authoritative and highly readable, Byman's account offers readers insightful and penetrating answers to the fundamental questions about Al Qaeda: who they are, where they came from, where they're going-and, perhaps most critically-what we can do about it.Less

The Alt-Right: What Everyone Needs to Know®

George Hawley

Published in Print:: 07 March 2019

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569696

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190905194.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190905194

In recent years, the so-called Alt-Right, a white nationalist movement, has grown at an alarming rate. Taking advantage of high levels of racial polarization, the Alt-Right seeks to ... More

Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Steven R. Sabat

Published in Print:: 26 April 2018

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569313

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190603106.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190603106

Alzheimer’s is swiftly on the rise: it is estimated that every 67 seconds, someone develops the disease. For many, the words ‘Alzheimer’s disease’ or ‘dementia’ immediately denote severe mental loss and, perhaps, madness. Indeed, the vast majority of media coverage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other types of dementia focuses primarily on the losses experienced by people diagnosed and the terrible burden felt by care partners yearning for a "magic bullet" drug cure. Providing an accessible, question-and-answer-format primer on what touches so many lives, and yet so few of us understand, Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: What Everyone Needs to Know® contributes what is urgently missing from public knowledge: unsparing investigation of their causes and manifestations, and focus on the strengths possessed by people diagnosed. Steven R. Sabat mines a large body of research to convey the genetic and biological aspects of Alzheimer’s disease, its clinical history, and, most significantly, to reveal the subjective experience of those with Alzheimer’s or dementia. By clarifying the terms surrounding dementia and Alzheimer’s, which are two distinct conditions, Sabat corrects dangerous misconceptions that plague our understanding of memory dysfunction. People diagnosed with AD retain awareness, thinking ability, and sense of self; crucially, Sabat demonstrates that there are ways to facilitate communication even when the person with AD has great difficulty finding the words he or she wants to use. From years spent exploring and observing the points of view and experiences of people diagnosed, Sabat strives to inform as well as to remind readers of the respect and empathy owed to those diagnosed and living with dementia. Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia conveys this type of information and more, which, when applied by family and professional caregivers, will help improve the quality of life of those diagnosed as well as of those who provide support and care.Less

The Amazon: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Mark J. Plotkin

Published in Print:: 23 June 2020

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569511

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190668297.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190668297

The Amazon is a land of superlatives. The complex ecosystem covers an area about the size of the continental U.S. The Amazon River discharges 57 million gallons of water per second--in two ... More

American Higher Education in Crisis?: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Goldie Blumenstyk

Published in Print:: 13 November 2014

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569931

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780199374090.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780199374090

American higher education is at a crossroads. Technological innovations and disruptive market forces are buffeting colleges and universities at the very time their financial structure grows ... More

American higher education is at a crossroads. Technological innovations and disruptive market forces are buffeting colleges and universities at the very time their financial structure grows increasingly fragile. Disinvestment by states has driven up tuition prices at public colleges, and student debt has reached a startling record-high of one trillion dollars. Cost-minded students and their families--and the public at large--are questioning the worth of a college education, even as study after study shows how important it is to economic and social mobility. And as elite institutions trim financial aid and change other business practices in search of more sustainable business models, racial and economic stratification in American higher education is only growing. In American Higher Education in Crisis?: What Everyone Needs to Know, Goldie Blumenstyk, who has been reporting on higher education trends for 25 years, guides readers through the forces and trends that have brought the education system to this point, and highlights some of the ways they will reshape America's colleges in the years to come. Blumenstyk hones in on debates over the value of post-secondary education, problems of affordability, and concerns about the growing economic divide. Fewer and fewer people can afford the constantly increasing tuition price of college, Blumenstyk shows, and yet college graduates in the United States now earn on average twice as much as those with only a high-school education. She also discusses faculty tenure and growing administrative bureaucracies on campuses; considers new demands for accountability such as those reflected in the U.S. Department of Education's College Scorecard; and questions how the money chase in big-time college athletics, revelations about colleges falsifying rankings data, and corporate-style presidential salaries have soured public perception. Higher education is facing a serious set of challenges, but solutions have also begun to emerge. Blumenstyk highlights how institutions are responding to the rise of alternative-educational opportunities and the new academic and business models that are appearing, and considers how the Obama administration and public organizations are working to address questions of affordability, diversity, and academic integrity. She addresses some of the advances in technology colleges are employing to attract and retain students; outlines emerging competency-based programs that are reshaping conceptions of a college degree, and offers readers a look at promising innovations that could alter the higher education landscape in the near future. An extremely timely and focused look at this embattled and evolving arena, this primer emphasizes how open-ended the conversation about higher education's future remains, and illuminates how big the stakes are for students, colleges, and the nation.Less

Animal Rights: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Paul Waldau

Published in Print:: 10 February 2011

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569986

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780199739974.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780199739974

In this compelling volume in the What Everyone Needs to Know series, Paul Waldau expertly navigates the many heated debates surrounding the complex and controversial animal rights movement. ... More

Antarctica: What Everyone Needs to Know®

David Day

Published in Print:: 27 June 2019

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569429

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190641320.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190641320

Part of the What Everyone Needs to Know® series, David Day's book on Antarctica examines the most forbidding and formidably inaccessible continent on Earth. Antarctica was first discovered ... More

Antibiotics: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Mary E. Wilson

Published in Print:: 22 August 2019

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569504

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190663414.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190663414

A STIRRING EXAMINATION OF A LOOMING CRISIS Virtually everyone has taken antibiotics. They can be lifesavers -- or they can be useless. But what are they? How are they used? And what ... More

Antiquities: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Maxwell L. Anderson

Published in Print:: 26 January 2017

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569344

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190614928.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190614928

The destruction of ancient monuments and artworks by the Taliban in Afghanistan and the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria has shocked observers worldwide. Yet iconoclastic erasures of the ... More

The Arab Uprisings: What Everyone Needs to Know® (2 ed.)

James Gelvin

Published in Print:: 23 July 2015

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569108

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190222741.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190222741

Beginning in December 2010 popular revolt swept through the Middle East, shocking the world and ushering in a period of unprecedented unrest. Protestors took to the streets to demand ... More

Beginning in December 2010 popular revolt swept through the Middle East, shocking the world and ushering in a period of unprecedented unrest. Protestors took to the streets to demand greater freedom, democracy, human rights, social justice, and regime change. What caused these uprisings? What is their significance? And what are their likely consequences? In an engaging question-and-answer format, this updated edition of The Arab Uprisings: What Everyone Needs to Know® explores all aspects of the revolutionary protests that have rocked the Middle East. Historian James Gelvin begins with an overview, asking questions such as: What sparked the Arab uprisings? Where did the demands for democracy and human rights come from? How appropriate is the phrase “Arab Spring”?--before turning to specific countries around the region. Shifting the emphasis from the initial upheaval itself to the spinning out of the revolutionary process, Gelvin looks at such topics as the role of youth, laor, and religious groups in Tunisia and Egypt and discusses why the military turned against rulers in both countries. Exploring the uprisings in Libya and Yemen, Gelvin explains why these two states are considered “weak,” why that status is important for understanding the upheavals there, and why outside powers intervened in Libya but not in Yemen. This second edition looks more closely at the situation of individual countries affected by the uprisings. Gelvin compares two cases that defied expectations: Algeria, which experts assumed would experience a major upheaval after Egypt’s, and Syria, which experts failed to foresee. He then looks at the monarchies of Morocco, Jordan, and the Gulf, exploring the commonalities and differences of protest movements in each. Reconsidering the possible historical significance of the uprisings Gelvin explores what this means for the United States and Iran. Has al-Qaeda been strengthened or weakened? What effects have the uprisings had on the Israel-Palestine conflict? What conclusions might we draw from the uprisings so far? What Everyone Needs to Know® is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. Less

The Arctic: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Klaus Dodds and Mark Nuttall

Published in Print:: 08 August 2019

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569443

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190649814.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190649814

As the threat of global climate change becomes a reality, many look to the Arctic Ocean to predict coming environmental phenomena. There, the consequences of Earth's warming trend are most ... More

Artificial Intelligence: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Jerry Kaplan

Published in Print:: 24 November 2016

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569306

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190602383.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190602383

Over the coming decades, Artificial Intelligence will profoundly impact the way we live, work, wage war, play, seek a mate, educate our young, and care for our elderly. It is likely to ... More

Atheism: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Michael Ruse

Published in Print:: 26 February 2015

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569894

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780199334599.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780199334599

Over the last decade, "New Atheists" such as Sam Harris, Richard Dawkins, and Christopher Hitchens have pushed the issue of atheism to the forefront of public discussion. Yet very few of ... More

Authoritarianism: What Everyone Needs to Know®

Erica Frantz

Published in Print:: 15 November 2018

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569641

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190880194.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190880194

Despite the spread of democratization following the Cold War’s end, all signs indicate that we are currently seeing a resurgence of authoritarianism. Around forty percent of the world’s ... More

Behavioral Finance: What Everyone Needs to Know®

H. Kent Baker, Greg Filbeck, and John R. Nofsinger

Published in Print:: 16 June 2019

Published Online:: 12 November 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569634

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780190868741.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780190868741

People tend to be penny wise and pound foolish and cry over spilt milk, even though we are taught to do neither. Focusing on the present at the expense of the future and basing decisions on ... More

The Bible: What Everyone Needs to Know ®

Michael Coogan

Published in Print:: 28 January 2021

Published Online:: 03 December 2020

eISBN:: 9780197569962

DOI:: 10.1093/wentk/9780199383047.001.0001

Format:: book

ISBN:: 9780199383047

The Bible is the most influential book in Western history. As the foundational text of Judaism and Christianity, the Bible has been interpreted and reinterpreted over millennia, utilized ... More